Course Content
LXO-103 and LXO-104: CompTIA Linux+
101 System Architecture
101.1 Determine and Configure hardware settings
- Enable and disable integrated peripherals.
- Configure systems with or without external peripherals such as keyboards.
- Differentiate between the various types of mass storage devices.
- Know the differences between coldplug and hotplug devices.
- Determine hardware resources for devices.
- Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g. lsusb, lspci, etc.).
- Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices.
- Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev, dbus.
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101.2 Boot the System
- Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion.
- Understanding of SysVinit and systemd.
- Awareness of Upstart.
- Check boot events in the log file.
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101.3 Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system
- Set the default runlevel or boot target.
- Change between runlevels / boot targets including single user mode.
- Shutdown and reboot from the command line.
- Alert users before switching runlevels / boot targets or other major system events.
- Properly terminate processes.
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102 Linux Installation and Package Management
102.1 Design hard disk layout.
- Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks.
- Tailor the design to the intended use of the system.
- Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting.
- Knowledge of basic features of LVM.
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102.2 Install a boot manager.
- Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options.
- Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy.
- Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2.
- Interact with the boot loader.
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102.3 Manage shared libraries.
- Identify shared libraries.
- Identify the typical locations of system libraries.
- Load shared libraries.
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102.4 Use Debian package management.
- Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages.
- Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed.
- Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).
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102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management.
- Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM.
- Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures.
- Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from.
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103 GNU and Unix Commands
103.1 Work on the command line.
- Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line.
- Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables.
- Use and edit command history.
- Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.
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103.2 Process text streams using filters.
- Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.
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103.3 Perform basic file management.
- Copy, move and remove files and directories individually.
- Copy multiple files and directories recursively.
- Remove files and directories recursively.
- Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands.
- Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.
- Usage of tar, cpio, and dd.
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103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects.
- Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error.
- Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command.
- Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.
- Send output to both stdout and a file.
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103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes.
- Run jobs in the foreground and background.
- Signal a program to continue running after logout.
- Monitor active processes.
- Select and sort processes for display.
- Send signals to processes.
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103.6 Modify process execution priorities.
- Know the default priority of a job that is created.
- Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default.
- Change the priority of a running process.
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103.7 Search text files using regular expressions.
- Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements.
- Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.
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103.8 Perform basic file editing operations using vi.
- Navigate a document using vi.
- Use basic vi modes.
- Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text.
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104 Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
104.1 Create partitions and filesystems.
- Manage MBR partition tables
- Use various mkfs commands to create various filesystems such as:
- ext2/ext3/ext4
- XFS
- VFAT
- Awareness of ReiserFS and Btrfs
- Basic knowledge of gdisk and parted with GPT
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104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems.
- Verify the integrity of filesystems.
- Monitor free space and inodes.
- Repair simple filesystem problems.
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104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems.
- Manually mount and unmount filesystems.
- Configure filesystem mounting on bootup.
- Configure user mountable removeable filesystems.
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104.4 Manage disk quotas.
- Set up a disk quota for a filesystem.
- Edit, check and generate user quota reports.
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104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership.
- Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories.
- Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security.
- Know how to change the file creation mask.
- Use the group field to grant file access to group members.
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104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links.
- Create links.
- Identify hard and/or soft links.
- Copying versus linking files.
- Use links to support system administration tasks.
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104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location.
- Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS.
- Find files and commands on a Linux system.
- Know the location and propose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.
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105 Shells, Scripting and Data Management
105.1 Customize and use the shell environment.
- Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell.
- Write BASH functions for frequently used sequences of commands.
- Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts.
- Set command search path with the proper directory.
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105.2 Customize or write simple scripts.
- Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests).
- Use command substitution.
- Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command.
- Perform conditional mailing to the superuser.
- Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line.
- Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts.
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105.3 SQL data management
- Use of basic SQL commands.
- Perform basic data manipulation.
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106 User Interfaces and Desktops
106.1 Install and configure X11.
- Verify that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server.
- Awareness of the X font server.
- Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file.
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106.2 Setup a display manager.
- Basic configuration of LightDM
- Turn the display manager on or off.
- Change the display manager greeting.
- Awareness of XDM, KDM and GDM.
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106.3 Accessibility
- Basic knowledge of keyboard accessibility settings (AccessX).
- Basic knowledge of visual settings and themes.
- Basic knowledge of assistive technology (ATs).
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107 Administrative Tasks
107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files.
- Add, modify and remove users and groups.
- Manage user/group info in password/group databases.
- Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.
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107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs.
- Manage cron and at jobs.
- Configure user access to cron and at services.
- Configure anacron.
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107.3 Localisation and internationalisation.
- Configure locale settings and environment variables.
- Configure timezone settings and environment variables.
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms, and utilities:
- LC_*
- LC_ALL
- LANG
- TZ
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108 Essential System Services
108.1 Maintain system time.
- Set the system date and time.
- Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.
- Configure the correct timezone.
- Basic NTP configuration.
- Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service.
- Awareness of the ntpq command.
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108.2 System logging
- Configuration of the syslog daemon.
- Understanding of standard facilities, priorties and actions.
- Configuration of logrotate.
- Awareness of rsyslog and syslog-ng.
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108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics.
- Create e-mail aliases.
- Configure e-mail forwarding.
- Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, qmail, exim) (no configuration).
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108.4 Manage printers and printing.
- Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).
- Manage user print queues.
- Troubleshoot general printing problems.
- Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.
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109 Networking Fundamentals
109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols.
- Demonstrate an understanding network masks and CIDR notation.
- Knowledge of the differences between private and public “dotted quad” IPAddresses.
- Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995).
- Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.
- Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
- Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6.
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109.2 Basic network configuration
- Manually and automatically configure network interfaces.
- Basic TCP/IP host configuration.
- Setting a default route.
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109.3 Basic network troubleshooting.
- Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables to include adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces.
- Change, view or configure the routing table and correct an improperly set default route manually.
- Debug problems associated with the network configuration.
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109.4 Configure client side DNS.
- Query remote DNS servers.
- Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers.
- Modify the order in which name resolution is done.
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110 Security
110.1 Perform security administration tasks.
- Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.
- Set or change user passwords and password aging information.
- Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.
- Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.
- Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in.
- Basic sudo configuration and usage.
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110.2 Setup host security.
- Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.
- Turn off network services not in use.
- Understand the role of TCP wrappers.
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110.3 Securing data with encryption.
- Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.
- Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys.
- Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage, and revocation.
- Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunn)
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